AT times do you wonder why some student despite normal vision and hearing they are not able to study efficiently. They need alternative ways to understand the concepts and practice a lot to be able to reproduce it.
There could be multiple reason one within the student or the environmental so in this view let us know about perception processing as we can definitely do something about it.
Perception skill in general is to make a sense of incoming information (sensory stimuli). This information could be visual, auditory ,smell ,touch or taste.These information travels to cerebral cortex of brain constantly by nerves for decoding thus it would be correct to say that Perception is gateway to interpretation by brain .When you see a car your brain make the interpretation that it's a car. When you smell flower scent in a garden your brain interpret that it's a rose.
The whole process of brain taking in the different information from our senses ,filtering them , organising them , registering and interpreting them is known as PROCESSING.
For now , we are only going have a glance at visual and auditory perceptual processing in student for Academic performance .
VISUAL PERCEPTION
is making sense of visual information by eyes .
Processing is done in visual -cerebral cortex of brain .When you see (normal visual acuity) a circle (shape) it's your brain that tells you it's circle . Brain analysis all the information coming to it before making the interpretation (attach meaning). Analysis by brain comes under a processing skill.
visual perception domain has-
Scanning
Attention
Memory
Closure
Discrimination
Spatial
Depth
Visual perception is necessary skillset for learning to Read and Write for student
To sum up, about the function of above skillset they provide brain the details of a object such as size, shape, distance, relation and whereabouts. Further it is linked to Executive function and Higher order cognitive skills respectively to bring out the purposeful behaviour towards the object. Suppose a student is solving 6 pieces puzzle game . He will rely upon scanning, locating, discriminating , positioning skillset of perception processing to put them together to form a picture.
AUDITORY PERCEPTION
is making sense (with hearing normal) of auditory information by ears.
The processing is done in Auditory-cerebral cortex .This is another skill set supporting the student for word dictation-spelling ,listening to lecture, memorization, pronouncing a word, stay distraction free and many more in daily living and academic work.
The skill set included in Auditory Perception are
Localise
Attention
Memory
Closure
Association
Blending
Discrimination
Below chart will give you an impression about the whole process –
Sensory information (environment)
⬇️
Perception
⬇️
Executive function
⬇️
Higher cognitive orders (planning ,decision making)
⬇️
Action (behaviour- acceptance vs avoidance)
Difficulty with processing of perception in student will impose challenge in following
task -
copy notes
letter formation
line orientation
to read a word
to locate
developmental delay-motor skill
identify object and signs
sorting
matching
labelling
learning academic concepts
distracted
language development
spelling
math
projects and assignment
task incomplete
confusion
keyboard typing
self care routines
directions
time
body awareness
attention and memory
decoding
planning and organizing
reversal letter
geometry
map
following instructions
constructive play
socializing
emotion
money management
bullied in class
frustration tolerance
alphabet formation
looking for desired object
disorganized routine
writing refusal
negotiate obstacle
Generally a Processing means time between taking in the information through sensory system until motor response (action). Myelinated neurons carry the information faster than non myelinated neurons .Moreover grey matter does more processing than white matter in cerebral cortex of brain.
Processing happens in brain.
Processing varies person to person ,some people are swift in completing their task and some are slow to complete the same task. Student with slow processing is often labelled as lazy .Processing also varies within a person ,parent says that my child can operated mobile efficiently but doesn't respond to name call this could be because the child has better visual processing skill than auditory processing skill.
Identify the key strength of student to channelise .Suppose a student is visual learner then provide him visual cues and visual schedule to stay organized in classroom and strengthen the weakness to achieve academic success by providing audio base lecture instead of mere words of the concept on blackboard.
Perception difficulty can lead to stress frustration, procrastination and refusal behavior in student, so instead of assuming that time or maturation will heal or solve the problem will not work .Action towards the problem needs to be taken immediately because difficulty with perception doesn't go away on this own. This difficulty will become more obvious as student grow .Students grade level performance and learning will deteriorate .drop outs, changing mode of school medium is evident .
If you observe a student struggling with aforementioned tasks then seek help from professionally registered pediatrics Occupational therapist near you .
Occupational Therapist will evaluate student on standardized or non standardized assessment scale and provide individualize therapy plan base on perception remediation ,suggest accommodation and modification to alleviate difficulty and unhealthy mind of student at home and classroom.
Prior to Occupational therapist appointment for student ,
check with ophthalmologist and Audiologist/ENT specialist for eyesight and hearing acuity respectively to rule out impairment.
Fun activity for reader
Arrange the list of perception difficulties from above in alphabetical order.
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